Second language anxiety: Construct, effects, and sources

Abstract Second language (L2) anxiety is the most studied affective factor in field of second acquisition. Numerous studies have been conducted on this emotion from different perspectives over last few decades. These can be classified into three groups. The first group has tried to conceptualize and operationalize L2 identify components or dimensions construct (e.g., Cheng, 2004; Horwitz et al., 1986). explored impact various motivational, behavioral, learning, performance aspects learning Gkonou 2017). Finally, third investigated sources (Papi & Khajavy, 2021). In manuscript, we will draw strands present an overview state research conclude by discussing major issues with conceptualization, measurement, design anxiety.